Poem-A-Day April 7: Infinity Ghazal

Infinity Ghazal Beginning with Lice and Never Ending with Lies

     For Hasna Henna and the Rohingya

Lice? My aunt once drew a comb through my hair steady;
she wouldn’t let what feeds on blood eat my inner tree.

Where now is the word for such intimacy? I know it still,
but all I see are jungles burnt of our rarest trees.

My point is: it takes a while to say, “I am a fire hazard,” or,
“a household of rare birds” is another way to say tree.

I wrote one draft of this poem, then she died. Will I
forget her name, Hasna Henna? Let’s smell a tree;

night-blooming jasmine, o-so-heavenly! A sapling
succeeds by flourishing from a tree’s seed.

How else to perfume these needs we breathe? A sapling
of course = a small and soft tree (i.e. baby tree).

I grieve the rice she fed me off a palm leaf.
Only now can I fully marvel: how finely formed is a tree!

Someone I loved said to stop with the oceans in my poems —
well, oceans + oceans + oceans! We drown so many trees.

(Night blooming tree = baby tree = once and future tree.)
Lately, all I think about are trees.

Read this again to replace tree with refugee.
Tarfia = joy in the margins + one who lies to protect trees.


Hello Friends,

Today’s poem by the Bangladeshi American poet Tarfia Faizullah can be found in the December 2018 issue of Poetry Magazine. Around that time, over 700,000 refugees had fled Myanmar for Bangladesh to escape the Rohingya genocide, as referenced in this poem’s dedication.

A ghazal is an Arabic poetic form that consists of self-contained couplets, each of which ends on the same word or phrase (the radif). What is special about this ghazal is that in the second-to-last line, the poet asks us to re-read this poem replacing the radif “tree” with “refugee.”

How did you feel when you got to that line in the poem? Did you re-read the poem again? Why do you think the poet didn’t just write the poem with “refugee” in place of “tree” in the first place? How was this word play similar and different from yesterday’s poem replacing “gun” with “pun”?

One other trademark of the ghazal form is including the poet’s own name in the final couplet, like a signature, as Tarfia Faizullah does here.

Thank you for celebrating poetry month with me!

— Ællen

Poem-A-Day April 5: torn green dress

     See how the budding flower,
Emerging fair from out her torn green dress,
Is beauteous in the garden for her hour,
As Yusuf in his youthful loveliness.

     Go, breeze of spring,
Haste to tell Yakub, blinded by his tears,
The tidings that shall end his sorrowing
And lift the darkness from his troubled years.



Hello Friends,

Could you tell that today’s poem excerpt was a translation as you were reading it? We have very few translations of the princess and poet Zeb-un-Nissa’s work from Persian to English; this 1913 translation is by Magan Lal and Jessica Duncan Westbrook, and the style of the translation has a lot more in common with 1900s English poetry than the 1600s Persian poetry of the original. To give you an example of how translations can differ, the same excerpt has also more recently been translated by Lisa Sarasohn as:


Budding, the flower tears through her dress of green.
Blooming, her beauty makes the garden beautiful.
Like Joseph, her loveliness perfumes the air.

Spring breezes, go. Take the news to Jacob, end his sorrow
for the loss of son, wipe darkness from his eyes,
lift the troubles that have weighed upon his spine.



As you can see, it’s very difficult to capture both the poetic form and a poem’s meaning from another language. But key images, like the flower bud tearing through a green dress, persist from the original author. (I’ll let you in on a little secret: Sometimes one image is so good I will pick a poem to share with you just for that one image — today’s torn green dress is one of those.)

What you are largely missing here in translation is Zeb-un-Nissa’s use of form. The ghazal is a difficult poetic form with roots in seventh-century Arabia. Each couplet in a traditional ghazal is its own self-contained poem. The first couplet establishes an end-rhyme, and the second lines of all the succeeding couplets continue this rhyme. The last couplet traditionally contains a reference to the poet’s name — it’s a signature of sorts; Zeb-un-Nissa used the pen name Makhfi or “Hidden One” to reference herself.

As if the ghazal form weren’t difficult enough, a diwan is a sequence of ghazals, ordered according to their rhyme. Sarasohn explains, “The first group of ghazals rhymes with the first letter of the alphabet, the second group rhymes with the alphabet’s second letter, and on down the line.” The excerpt above, ghazal XIV, is from The Diwan of Zeb-un-Nissa.

One of the sad facts of literature is that you pretty much have to have been a princess or a queen for your writing to have survived from the 1600s if you were female. Zeb-un-Nissa is one of those figures whose words have made it to us — a princess from a time when the Mughal or Mogul Empire ruled the Indian subcontinent. A few details from her biography that may be relevant to understanding her as a poet: Zeb-un-Nissa became a Hafiza — meaning “guardian” or “memorizer” — at age seven, meaning at seven years old she had memorized and could recite the entire Quran (114 chapters made up of over 6,000 verses). She was deeply influenced by Islam and the Quran, and nearly all her poetry is religious in content. She never married — some say because she was married to Allah, some say she had affairs with mortal men. Lastly, for reasons that are still debated, Zeb-un-Nissa’s own father (the emperor) imprisoned her for the last 20 years of her life. It is believed that these ghazal were written during those years of imprisonment.

That was a lot of me writing for just a little bit of Zeb-un-Nissa! Apologies if I got a little too carried away in explanations here. But I hope you maybe still got something out of it.

— Ellen

P.S. For a very different interpretation of the ghazal form (in contemporary English, rather than seventeenth century Persian) — and one of my favorite poems of all time — see “Ghazal” by Emily Moore.

Poem-a-Day, April 8: Iron. Lust.

Hi Friends,

When I get asked to pick a single favorite poem in the whole wide world, I often answer with Emily Moore’s “Ghazal” from the January 2002 Yale Review.

Emily Moore will be the first to tell you why teachers are not “those who can’t” — she teaches high school English in New York City and has never published a poetry collection.

To learn more about the ancient Persian poetic form of the ghazal and its various rules and restraints, click here — and, if you really want to get into it, also here.

April is National Poetry Month, and I am celebrating by emailing out my own selection of one poem per day for the duration of the month. If you wish to be unsubscribed from this poem-a-day email list at any time, please reply to this email with a friendly unsubscribe request (preferably in heroic couplet form). Remember that receiving your notes and comments on various poems is one of my favorite parts of Poetry Month, so feel free to write back!

Love,
Ellen


Ghazal

Beneath her slip,
the slip of her.

Iron. Lust.
The flint of her.

In dorms and parks, motels
and tents: the din of her.

What I would not have done
for another sip of her.

She swore she’d never love another.
The fib of her.

She kicked off the sheets; I held on,
breathless, through the fit of her.

Good or evil, she was first.
The rib of her.

That she could leave me after all
that I had been to her.

Hands pressed deep
into my mouth. The bit of her.

A lengthy, doe-eyed nuzzle
at the salt lick of her.

Cock sure,
the spit of her.

A week spent curled up on the floor,
gutted, sick for her.

Nights she ground my bones
to dust. The grit of her.

Teeth, nails, my name
whispered low. The grip of her.


Many thanks to Rick Barot for introducing me to this poem (among others).

“Ghazal” by Emily Moore was also featured for Poem-a-Day April 15, 2007.

Poem-a-Day, April 15: slip and sip, fib and rib

Ghazal

Beneath her slip,
the slip of her.

Iron. Lust.
The flint of her.

In dorms and parks, motels
and tents: the din of her.

What I would not have done
for another sip of her.

She swore she’d never love another.
The fib of her.

She kicked off the sheets; I held on,
breathless, through the fit of her.

Good or evil, she was first.
The rib of her.

That she could leave me after all
that I had been to her.

Hands pressed deep
into my mouth. The bit of her.

A lengthy, doe-eyed nuzzle
at the salt lick of her.

Cock sure,
the spit of her.

A week spent curled up on the floor,
gutted, sick for her.

Nights she ground my bones
to dust. The grit of her.

Teeth, nails, my name
whispered low. The grip of her.

*

Hello Friends —

When asked to name a single very favorite poem in the whole wide world, I often answer with today’s poem, “Ghazal” by Emily Moore, which appeared in The Yale Review, vol. 90, no. 1 (January 2002).

To learn more about the ancient Persian poetic form of the ghazal and its various rules and restraints, click here — and, if you really want to get into the nitty-gritty, also click here.

April is National Poetry Month, and I am celebrating by emailing out my own eclectic selection of one poem per day for the duration of the month. If you wish to be unsubscribed from this Poem-a-Day email list at any time, please reply to this email with a friendly unsubscribe request (preferably in heroic couplet form). You may also request to add a consenting friend to the list, or even nominate a poem.

To learn more about National Poetry Month, or to subscribe to a more official-like Poem-a-Day list, visit www.poets.org.

Enjoy.
Ellen

P.S. Many thanks to Rick Barot for introducing me to this poem (among others).

“Ghazal” by Emily Moore was featured again for Poem-a-Day April 8, 2010.